24/04/2008 by admin.

Lighting includes both artificial light sources such as wall lights ,lamps and natural illumination of interiors from daylight. Lighting represents a major component of energy consumption, accounting for a significant part of all energy consumed worldwide. Artificial lighting andwall lights  is most commonly provided today bywall lights , but gas lighting, candles or oil lamps were used in the past, and still are used in certain situations. Proper lighting can enhance task performance or aesthetics, while there can be energy wastage and adverse health effects of lighting. Indoor lighting is a form of fixture or Lighting includes both artificial light sources, and a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of wall lights

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24/04/2008 by admin.

A Light shelf is an Architectural element that allows daylight to penetrate deep into a building. This horizontal light-reflecting overhang is placed above eye-level and has a high-reflectance upper surface. This surface is then used to reflect daylight onto the ceiling and deeper into a space. Light shelves are generally made of an extruded aluminium chassis system and aluminium composite panel surfaces. Extruded components can be painted or anodized and they are all field fabricated and assembled from stock lengths.

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24/04/2008 by admin.

 pendant light, sometimes called a drop or suspender, is a lone light fixture that hangs from the ceiling usually suspended by a cord, chain, or metal rod. Pendant lights are often used in multiples, hung in a straight line over kitchen countertops and dinette sets or sometimes in bathrooms. Pendants come in a huge variety of sizes and vary in materials from metal to glass and plastic. Many modern pendants are energy-saving low voltage models and some use halogen or fluorescent bulbs.

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24/04/2008 by admin.

Incandescent light bulb as we know it today, with a coiled filament of tungsten, was commercialised in the 1920s. It is sometimes confused with the carbon filament lamp introduced in about 1890. As well as bulbs for normal illumination, there is a very wide range, including low voltage, low-power types often used as components in equipment, but now largely displaced by LEDs

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24/04/2008 by admin.

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24/04/2008 by admin.

Tilo Baumgartel (born 1972) is a German painter. He currently lives and works in Leipzig.

Tilo Baumgartel was born in Dresden. He attended the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst in Leipzig, 1991 – 1994.

He is part of a group of young painters based in Leipzig, along with Matthias Weischer, Christoph Ruckhaberle and others. The common trait of the group is their production of large figurative oil paintings. His paintings derive from social realist works and propaganda posters in their draughtsmanship and dramatic use of shadow.

He has shown work in exhibitions including “7 x Malerei” at Museum der Bildenden Künste in Leipzig, FUTURE/Five Artists From Germany at Sandroni.Rey Gallery in Los Angeles, Painting Show at Wilkinson Gallery in London and Life After Death at Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art.

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24/04/2008 by admin.

The background light is used to illuminate the background area of a set. The background light will also provide separation between the subject and the background. In the standard 4-point lighting setup, the background light is placed last and is usually placed directly behind the subject and pointed at the background.

In film, the background light is usually of lower intensity. More than one light could be used to light uniformly a background or alternatively to highlight points of interest.

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24/04/2008 by ED.

BallpointsThe first patent on a  pens was issued on to John J Loud. In 1938 a Hungarian newspaper editor, with the help of his brother George, a chemist, began to work on designing new types of pens including one with a tiny  in its tip that was free to turn in a socket. As the  moved along the paper, the ball rotated, picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. Bíró filed a British patent on June 15, 1938. In 1940 the Bíró brothers and a friend, Juan Jorge Meyne, moved to fleeing Nazi Germany and on June 10, filed anotherpens patent, and formed Bíró pens of Argentina. By the summer of  the first commercial models were available. Erasable ballpoint pens were introduced by  in 1979 when the was put on the market.

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